Проблема есть во всех версиях apt-get на ALT-е, начиная с ALT4 (более старые не смотрел), и отсутствует во всех версиях для deb-систем (с тех пор как они стали поддерживать указание файла - условно с apt-get 1.2).

hw-x64-alt10 ~ # lsb_release -a
LSB Version:    5.0:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-5.0-amd64:core-5.0-noarch
Distributor ID: ALT
Description:    ALT Workstation 10.0 (Autolycus)
Release:        10.0
Codename:       Autolycus
hw-x64-alt10 ~ # apt-get install -f ././lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6.noarch.rpm
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
Selecting lsb-cprocsp-base for '././lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6.noarch.rpm'
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lsb-cprocsp-base
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 removed and 56 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/162kB of archives.
After unpacking 650kB of additional disk space will be used.
Err  / lsb-cprocsp-base 5.0.12000-6@1624232362
  Invalid URI, local URIS must not start with //
Failed to fetch file://./lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6.noarch.rpm  Invalid URI, local URIS must not start with //
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
hw-x64-alt10 ~ # echo $?
100

Для сравнения с "более простым" путём работает:
hw-x64-alt10 ~ # apt-get install -f ./lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6.noarch.rpm
Reading Package Lists... Done
Building Dependency Tree... Done
Selecting lsb-cprocsp-base for './lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6.noarch.rpm'
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  lsb-cprocsp-base
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 removed and 56 not upgraded.
Need to get 0B/162kB of archives.
After unpacking 650kB of additional disk space will be used.
Committing changes...
Preparing...                            ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1: lsb-cprocsp-base-5.0.12000-6         ################################# [100%]
Done.